LONDON: The discovery of 39 bodies in a truck in London last week cast a spotlight on the global trade in human beings and sparked debate about Britain's approach to tackling smugglers and traffickers. A British court heard on Monday that a global crime ring had been involved in smuggling the dead - many of whom appear to have come from Vietnam - as the driver of the truck faced charges of manslaughter and human trafficking.

Vietnam's Prime Minister Nguyen Xuan Phuc on Saturday told authorities to establish whether Vietnamese citizens were among the dead, and to probe allegations of trafficking. Unlike trafficking, which is control over a person for the purpose of exploitation, smuggling is merely illegal entry into another country - although the latter can turn into the former.

About 10% of the suspected 7,000 slavery victims found in Britain last year were Vietnamese. Most are trafficked for labor such as cannabis cultivation and work in nail salons. Globally, more than 40 million people are estimated by the United Nations to be trapped in modern slavery as poverty, conflict and climate change fuel the $150-billion-a-year trade. The Thomson Reuters Foundation asked six anti-slavery experts about how to prevent such deaths from happening again.

Sara Thornton, Britain's Independent Anti-Slavery Commissioner: "This is a shocking illustration of the cruel and complex issue that is human trafficking in Britain today. "Whilst we do not yet know the full details of the journeys that these individuals made, this case bears all the hallmarks of human trafficking. "As we rethink our migration policies, it is essential that the needs of vulnerable migrants are front and centre. "We need to ensure that new migration policies are stress-tested to ensure that they do not provide opportunities for the traffickers to exploit very vulnerable people."

Mimi Vu, Independent Anti-Trafficking Expert In Vietnam: "The government and businesses must look at what the root causes are, realizing that people that are less educated are more likely to take these risks because they are poor. "All the work on this has to be done before anyone leaves, as this all has to be done in-country. "When you address the root causes, you will convince the Vietnamese that this is not worth the risk. "They have to believe in very concrete meaningful ways that they have a future in Vietnam. "But we are losing our people to trafficking and slavery."

Lucila Granada, Chief Executive Of Focus On Labor Exploitation: "We must, of course, investigate and punish those who profit from the desperation of people, but to effectively prevent this from happening again we must recognize the role of Britain in driving people into these dangerous routes. "It is important to recognize that British immigration policies and border control approach have played a key part in restricting their options. "With no available regular immigration pathways and the constant threat of detention and deportation in transit and upon arrival, those seeking survival in Britain become easy prey. "This tragedy exposed one more time that prosecuting individual traffickers is not enough. We need to open safe routes of regular migration and end the hostile environment."

Justine Currell, Executive Director of Unseen: "Whether people get into the back of a lorry through their own volition or from having been forced or coerced, the ultimate penalty is death. "Even when trafficking and exploitation is not the primary factor of movement, those entering the country illegally and who lack status become increasingly vulnerable and susceptible to abuse and exploitation. "Awareness-raising in communities and specific source countries to deter people from putting their lives at risk would help to highlight the pitfalls of taking this dangerous course of action. "Increased targeted checks at the border may also help to root out such movement and any intervention subsequently made before another disaster occurs."

Philippa Southwell, Lawyer At Birds Solicitors: "Solving this is not simple, but obviously it's down to the manning of ports. I know it's difficult to check each vehicle, and it really is impossible to do one-to-one checking on these vehicles, but we can improve the manning of particular ports. "Particularly in Asia, people living in poverty are promised a better life and are coming to Britain to work and send money back to their families. "We need to be looking to build better relationships with these countries, realizing what the root problems are there and what can be done."

Nazir Afzal, Former Chief Prosecutor in Northern England: "Human trafficking is organized crime from which criminals benefit. "Demand has to be reduced through deterrence, the closing down of businesses that engage trafficked people. Simultaneously, authorities need to follow the money and identify it, confiscate it, whilst punishing the offenders. "Trafficked people need to be seen as victims first and last. They need to be supported to give their best evidence against the traffickers, not threatened with deportation." - Reuters