RIO DE JANEIRO: Brazil’s President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva opened the summit of the Group of 20 major economies on Monday with the launch of a global alliance to combat poverty and hunger that more than 80 countries have agreed to back. As G20 leaders met at Rio de Janeiro’s Modern Art Museum for two days of talks, their agenda highlighted a shifting global order as US President-elect Donald Trump returns to power.

Their discussions of trade, climate change and international security will run up against the sharp US policy changes that Trump vows upon taking office in January, from tariffs to the promise of a negotiated solution to the war in Ukraine. In his opening remarks, Lula said the devastating effects of a changing climate can be seen around the world, calling for action by leaders on hand to address global warming and poverty.

The alliance he launched, coordinating global efforts to eradicate hunger and poverty, is backed by the African Union and European Union, international organizations, development banks and philanthropies such as the Rockefeller Foundation and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Argentina was the only one of the 19 countries in the G20 to initially hold off signing on to the initiative. But it eventually came around after negotiations, a Brazilian government source said.

“Hunger and poverty are not the result of scarcity or natural phenomena ... they are the product of political decisions,” said Lula, who was born in poverty and entered politics organizing a metalworkers union. “In a world that produces almost 6 billion tons of food per year, this is unacceptable,” he said.

Diplomats drafting a joint statement for the summit’s leaders have struggled to hold together a fragile agreement on how to address the escalating Ukraine war, even a vague call for peace without criticism of any participants, sources said. A massive Russian air strike on Ukraine on Sunday shook what little consensus they had established, with European diplomats pushing to revisit previously agreed language on global conflicts.

The United States has also lifted prior limits on Ukraine’s use of US-made weapons to strike deep into Russia. Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky has long pushed for authorization from Washington to use the powerful Army Tactical Missile System, known by its initials ATACMS, to hit targets inside Russia. Russian President Vladimir Putin did not attend the summit, and Moscow was represented by Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov.

The Kremlin accused Biden on Monday of escalating the war in Ukraine. The comments came as Moscow unleashed a second missile attack in as many days on the UNESCO-protected Ukrainian city of Odesa on the Black Sea that left 10 dead and more than 40 wounded. The head of Russian parliament’s defense committee in the lower house Duma, Andrei Kartapolov, was quoted by the state Ria Novosti agency as saying that “absolutely nothing will change the course of the operation” in Ukraine.

US President Joe Biden sought to rally support for Kyiv, urging G20 leaders to support Ukraine’s sovereignty and territorial integrity. He also called on them to “increase pressure” on Hamas for a ceasefire in the Zionist entity’s war with the Gaza fighters.

Security in Rio de Janeiro has been strengthened with troops reinforcing police for the duration of the summit. A Brazilian army patrol came under gunfire near a Rio de Janeiro slum in the hours before the summit began, police said. No one was injured in the incident by the hillside Cidade de Deus community some 20 km west of the G20 venue.

While Biden arrives as a lame duck with just two months remaining in the White House, China’s President Xi Jinping will be a central player at a G20 summit riven with geopolitical tensions amid the wars in Gaza and Ukraine. Xi announced measures to support the “Global South,” and said China would support development building a “high quality” Belt and Road Initiative, his signature foreign policy plan that directs large Chinese investments to infrastructure projects in the developing world, Chinese state television CCTV reported.

In a nod to the return of China hawk Trump, Xi told British Prime Minister Keir Starmer the world was “entering a new period of major changes.” As leaders lined up to meet the most powerful man in Rio, Xi added that Britain and China would “shoulder the important task of... responding to global challenges.”

Brazilian officials recognized that their agenda for the G20, focused on sustainable development, taxing the super-rich and fighting poverty and hunger could soon lose steam when Trump starts dictating new global priorities from the White House. Brazil’s push for reform of global governance, including multilateral financial institutions, may also hit roadblocks with Trump, Brazilian officials said.

Biden, who visited the Amazon rainforest on his way to Rio, is set to announce a pledge to replenish the World Bank’s International Development Association fund aimed at the world’s poorest countries, and launch a bilateral clean energy partnership with Brazil, a senior US official told reporters.

G20 leaders are under pressure to try rescue UN climate talks in Azerbaijan, which have stalled on the issue of greater climate finance for developing countries. UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres has called on the world’s biggest economies, who account for 80 percent of global emissions, to show “leadership” on the issue in Rio. The UN is seeking $1 trillion a year for developing countries to cope with global warming.

Xi is expected to tout China’s Belt & Road initiative as it exerts its economic ascendancy. Brazil has so far declined to join the global infrastructure initiative, but hopes are high for other industrial partnerships when Xi wraps up his stay in the country with a state visit in Brasilia on Wednesday.

Trade talks around the G20 will be stoked by concerns of an escalation in the US-China trade war, as Trump plans to slap tariffs on imports from China and other nations. Trump’s tax-cutting verve will add to headwinds for Brazil’s efforts to discuss taxation of the super-rich, an issue dear to Lula, who put it on the G20 agenda. Trump’s newest ally in Latin America, libertarian Argentine President Javier Milei, has already drawn a red line on the issue. Argentina’s negotiators refused to approve mention of the issue in the summit’s joint communique, diplomats said. – Agencies