BAKU: The host of the UN climate summit in Azerbaijan on Tuesday defended fossil fuels and the right of countries to exploit them as dozens of world leaders arrived for the COP29 conference. Representative of HH the Amir of Kuwait Sheikh Mishal Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah, HH the Crown Prince Sheikh Sabah Al-Khaled Al-Hamad Al-Sabah, is also in attendance.
In the host’s opening address, President Ilham Aliyev said Azerbaijan had been subject to "slander and blackmail” for its use of fossil fuels and that no country should be judged for its natural resources. "Quote me that I said that this is a gift of the God, and I want to repeat it today here at this audience,” Aliyev told delegates. "Oil, gas, wind, sun, gold, silver, copper, all... are natural resources and countries should not be blamed for having them and should not be blamed for bringing these resources to the market, because the market needs them.”
"As a president of COP29 of course, we will be a strong advocate for green transition, and we are doing it. But at the same time, we must be realistic,” said Aliyev. He singled out the United States, the world’s largest historic carbon emitter, and the European Union for particular criticism. "Unfortunately, double standards, a habit to lecture other countries, and political hypocrisy became kind of modus operandi for some politicians, state-controlled NGOs and fake news media in some Western countries,” he said.
The United States is the world’s largest oil and gas producer. European countries, meanwhile, have some of the world’s strictest targets to cut emissions by 2030 – but have also raced to secure new gas supplies following Russia’s 2022 full-scale invasion of Ukraine.
More than 75 leaders are expected, but the heads of many top polluting nations are skipping the crunch climate talks, where the impact of Donald Trump’s election victory is being digested. Just a handful of leaders from G20 nations — which account for nearly 80 percent of the world’s planet-heating emissions — are expected over two days in Baku.
Joe Biden, Xi Jinping, Narendra Modi, Emmanuel Macron and Olaf Scholz are among G20 leaders missing the event, where uncertainty over future US climate action overshadows proceedings. UK Prime Minister Keir Starmer, one of the higher profile leaders attending, announced Britain would aim to cut its emissions 81 percent from 1990 levels by 2035. The updated climate goals are intended to show British "leadership on the climate challenge,” he said. Washington’s delegation meanwhile sought to reassure partners that US efforts on global
warming would not end under Trump, who has pledged to withdraw from the landmark Paris climate deal. US climate advisor Ali Zaidi said the country was now on a "secular and sustained trajectory on our emissions,” and Washington was "very focused on achieving a good result” at COP29.
The meeting’s top priority is landing a hard-fought deal to boost funding for climate action in developing countries. These nations — from low-lying islands to fractured states at war — are least responsible for climate change but most at risk from rising seas, extreme weather and economic shocks. Some are pushing for the existing pledge of $100 billion a year to be raised ten-fold at COP29 to cover the future cost of their nations shifting to clean energy and adapting to climate shocks.
Adonia Ayebare, the Ugandan chair of a bloc that groups over 100 mostly developing countries and China, said they had already rejected a draft deal on the table at Baku. "We cannot accept it and we asked them to produce a new text,” he told AFP. Nations have haggled over this for years, with disagreements over how much should be paid, and who should pay it.
Developing countries warn that without adequate finance, they will struggle to offer ambitious updates to their climate goals, which countries are required to submit by early next year.
Leaders from climate-vulnerable countries including the Maldives warned: "we need the finance COP to deliver.” "We see funds flowing freely to wage war, but scrutinized when it’s for climate adaption,” said Mohamed Muizzu, president of the archipelago.
The small group of developed countries that currently contributes the money wants the donor pool expanded to include other rich nations and top emitters, including China and the Gulf states, something firmly rejected by Beijing. UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres on Tuesday said developing nations "must not leave Baku empty-handed”. "A deal is a must,” he said.
UN climate chief Simon Stiell has tried to convince rich countries that climate finance is not charity, but a downpayment on a safer, wealthier planet. "The climate crisis is fast becoming an economy killer,” he warned. "Climate action is global inflation insurance.” He also sought to reassure the talks that recent "political events” would not derail global climate diplomacy. "Our process is strong. It’s robust, and it will endure.” – AFP