Warsaw’s new modern art museum building opened on Friday, a minimalist white concrete structure meant to revitalize an abandoned area of the Polish capital long-defined by an imposing Stalin-era palace. Warsaw, a city of 1.8 million people, did not until now have a proper site for its modern art museum. Instead, the cultural institution showcased its collections at various temporary locations.

Compared by some to a shoebox, shipping container or bunker, the new museum building designed by US architect Thomas Phifer has been hailed by others as a pearl of minimalism. Mayor Rafal Trzaskowski called the opening “a historical event” for both Polish art and the city. “Warsaw has been changing very dynamically, but the city’s center had kept its look from a few decades ago,” he told reporters on Thursday.

Stalin’s legacy

Nazi Germany destroyed 90 percent of the Polish capital during World War II, leaving its downtown a ruin upon liberation. The communists that came to power in the war’s aftermath decided not to reconstruct the area and instead built the Palace of Culture and Science, a building of Soviet-sanctioned socialist realist architecture. More than 230 meters (750 feet) tall, it was a gift from USSR leader Joseph Stalin that for many years dominated the Polish capital.

The main staircase in the new building of Museum of Modern Art.

Joanna Mytkowska (left) - director of The museum and Rafal Trzaskowski (right) Warsaw's mayor pose in front of sculpture by Alina Szapocznikow in the new building of Museum of Modern Art.

People are seen on the main staircase of the new building of the Museum of Modern Art.

People enter the new building of the Museum of Modern Art in Warsaw, Poland on the night of opening.

People enter the new building of the Museum of Modern Art.

The new building of Warsaw Museum of Modern Art is seen over the street with the Soviet era Palace of Culture and Warsaw's downtown skyline in background.—AFP photos

During the communist era, the palace served as the site of mass political gatherings. After the fall of the Soviet Union, the large empty square in front of the building became a street market, then a large rundown parking lot -- all cut off from urban life by a wide avenue.

The square was until now “anything and everything”, a ramshackle spot with no clear purpose, according to architectural historian Anna Cymer. She said “Warsaw still hasn’t been able to shed its heavy historical legacy” and “break the spell cast by Stalin”.

“We are finally on track to bring life back to this part of the city for everyone’s benefit,” Cymer added. “The museum marks a big step towards the creation of a real downtown area and a revitalization of the neighborhood.”

‘Light of Warsaw’

For the architect of the nearly 20,000-square-metre museum, the choice of location was significant and “courageous”. “They could have picked any other site in Warsaw” yet they decided to make it “the first thing built that is next to the palace, with all of its history,” Phifer told reporters. “This will be the new voice and the new home, the new town square, the new forum, the new place to meet, to encounter art and to encounter each other.”

The museum, which cost 700 million zloty ($170 million) to build, has floor-to-ceiling glass on its ground floor as an invitation to all to enter. Inside, a double staircase leads visitors to the exhibition rooms -- for now, mostly empty, with only a dozen works shown before the permanent exhibition opens in February.

Over the next two weeks, the museum will celebrate its opening with various events, concerts, dance shows and workshops. The building’s whole interior is bathed in natural light, which Phifer said was intentional. “The light of Warsaw, this light that defines this place, is beginning to weave into the experience of the art,” he said.—AFP